Czech J. Food Sci., 2006, 24(4):180-192 | DOI: 10.17221/3315-CJFS

Antimutagenic effect of epigallocatechin gallate and its effect on the immune response in mice

Petr ©merák1, Helena ©estáková2, Zdeňka Polívková1, Rudolf ©tětina3, Martina Langová1, Ivo Bárta1, Bohumil Turek2, Jiřina Bártová4
1 Department of General Biology and Genetics, Center of Biomedical Sciences, 3 rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
2 National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
3 Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Toxicology, Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic$2
4 Department of General Hygiene, Center of Preventive Medicine, rd 3 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

Green tea is the second-most consumed beverage in the world (water is the first one) and has been used medicinally for centuries in Indiaand China. The active substances in the green tea are polyphenols (catechins) and flavonols which possess a potent antioxidant activity. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the four major green tea catechins. Using the Ames test, micronucleus test, comet assay, chemiluminescence test, and blastic transformation test, we examined the antimutagenic effects of chemoprotective substance epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the pure form on the mutagenicity induced by three reference mutagens: aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] qui-noline (IQ), and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU), and the effect of EGCG on the immunosuppression caused by these mutagens. Using the Ames test the dose dependent antimutagenic activity of EGCG was proved against indirect mutagens AFB1 and IQ, but not against the direct mutagen MNU. In the micronucleus test, EGCG had antimutagenic effect upon all three mutagens. EGCG decreased the level of DNA breaks induced by AFB1 in bone marrow cells and colon epithelium, and the level of DNA breaks induced by MNU in colon cells to the level found in control. The reparatory effect of EGCG on immunosupression induced by all three carcinogenic compounds was proved using chemiluminescence and blastic trasformation tests.

Keywords: epigallocatechin gallate; antimutagenic effects; effect on the immune response; Ames test; micronucleus test; comet assay; chemiluminescence and blastic transformation tests

Published: August 31, 2006  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
©merák P, ©estáková H, Polívková Z, ©tětina R, Langová M, Bárta I, et al.. Antimutagenic effect of epigallocatechin gallate and its effect on the immune response in mice. Czech J. Food Sci. 2006;24(4):180-192. doi: 10.17221/3315-CJFS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. ALVAREZ E., LEIRO J., ORALLO F. (2002): Effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on respiratory burst of rat macrophages. International Immunopharmacology, 2: 849-855. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. AMAROWICZ R., PEGG R.B., BAUTISTA D.A. (2000): Antibacterial activity of green tea polyphenols against Escherichia coli K12. Nahrung, 44: 60-62. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. American Cancer Society (2003): Cancer Facts and Figures 2003. American Cancer Society, Inc.
    4. AMES B.N., Mc CANN H.O., YAMASAKI E. (1975): Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test. Mutation Research, 31: 347-364. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. BANERJEE S., MANNA S., SAHA P., PANDA C.K., DAS S. (2005): Black tea polyphenols suppress cell proliferation and induce apoptosis during benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14: 215-221. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. BODE A.M., DONG Y. (2004): Targeting signal transduction pathways by chemopreventive agents. Mutation Research, 555: 33-51. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. BORSKA S., GEBAROWSKA E., WYSOCKA T., DRAG-ZALESINSKA M., ZABEL M. (2003): Induction of apoptosis by EGCG in selected tumour cell lines in vitro. Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica, 41: 229-232. Go to PubMed...
    8. BUB A., WATZL B., BLOCKHAUS M., BRIVIBA K., LIEGIBEL U., MŰLLER H., POOL-ZOBEL B.L., RECHKEMMER G. (2003): Fruit juice consumption modulates antioxidative status, immune status and DNA damage. Journal of Nutrition and Biochemistry, 14: 90-98. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. BUTTERMEYER R., PHILIPP A.W., SCHLENZKA L., MALL J.W., BEISSENHIRTZ M., LISDAT F. (2003): Epigallocatechin gallate can significantly decrease free oxygen radicals in the reperfusion injury in vivo. Transplantation Proceedings, 35: 3116-3120. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. CHEN L., YANG X., ZHAO B. (2002): Tea catechins protect against lead-induced cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, and membrane fluidity in HepG2 cells. Toxicological Sciences, 69: 149-156. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. CHEN L., YANG X., JIAO H., ZHAO B. (2003): Tea catechins protect against lead-induced ROS formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and calcium dysregulation in PC12 cells. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 16: 1155-1161. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. COLLINS A.R., DU©INSKÁ M., GEDIK C., ©TĚTINA R. (1996): Oxidative damage to DNA: Do we have a reliable biomarker? Environmental Health Perspectives, 104: 465-469. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. COLLINS A.R., DOBSON V.L., DU©INSKÁ M., KENNEDY G., ©TĚTINA R. (1997): The comet assay: what can really tell us? Mutation Research, 375: 183-194. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. ČERNÁ M., DOBIÁ© L., HÁJEK V. (1989): Amesova metoda. V. Metody biologického monitorování genotoxických účinků faktorů prostředí - Standardní metodika. Acta Hygienica, Epidemiologica et Microbiologica, 20 (Příloha): 33-56.
    15. DIDIANO D., SHALABY T., LANG D., GROTZER M.A. (2004): Telomere maintenance in childhood primitive neuroectodermal brain tumors. Neuro-oncology, 6: 1-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. DONA M., DELL' AICA I., CALABRESE F., BENELLI R., MORINI M., ALBINI A., GARBISA S. (2003): Neutrophil restraint by green tea: inhibition of inflammation, associated angiogenesis, and pulmonary fibrosis. Journal of Immunology, 170: 4335-4341. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. FIELD C.J. (1996): Using immunological techniques to determine the effect of nutrition on T-cell function. Canadian Journal of Pharmacology, 74: 769-777. Go to original source...
    18. FUJIKI H., SUGANUMA M., IMAI K., NAKACHI K. (2002): Green tea: cancer preventive beverage and/or drug. Cancer Letters, 188 (1-2): 9-13. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. GERHAUSER C., KLIMO K., HEISS E., NEUMANN I., GAMALELDEEN A., KNAUFT J., LIU G.Y., SITTHIMONCHAI S., FRANK N. (2003): Mechanism-based in vitro screening of potential cancer chemopreventive agents. Mutation Research, 523-524: 163-172. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. GUPTA S., SAHA B., GIRI A.K. (2002): Comparative antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects of green tea and black tea: a review. Mutation Research, 512: 37-65. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. GUPTA S., HUSSAIN T., MUKHTAR H. (2003): Molecular pathway for (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of human prostate carcinoma cells. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 410: 177-185. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. GUPTA S., HASTAK K., AFAQ F., AHMAD N., MUKHTAR H. (2004): Essential role of caspases in epigallocatechin3-gallate-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor κB and induction of apoptosis. Oncogene, 23: 2507-2522. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. HENNING S.M., NIU Y., LEE N.H., THAMES G.D., MINUTTI R.R., WANG H., GO V.L., HEBER D. (2004): Bioavailability and antioxidant activity of tea flavonoids after consumption of green tea, black tea, or a green tea extract supplement. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80: 1558-1564. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. HOUR T.C., LIANG Y.C., CHU I.S., LIN J.K. (1999): Inhibition of 11 mutagens by various tea extracts, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, gallic acid and caffeine. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 37: 569-579. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. ITO Y., ITO M. (2001): Suppressive effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on aflatoxin b1-induced chromosome aberrations in rat bone marrow cells. Journal of Health Science, 47: 248-257. Go to original source...
    26. KLEBANOFF S.J. (1980): Oxygen metabolism and the toxic properties of phagocytes. Annals of Internal Medicine, 39: 480-489. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. LAMBERT J.D., YANG C.S. (2003): Mechanisms of cancer prevention by tea constituents. Journal of Nutrition, 133: 3262S-3267S. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. LEE S.R., IM K.J., SUH S.I., JUNG J.G. (2003): Protective effect of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and other antioxidants on lipid peroxidation in gerbil brain homogenates. Phytotherapeutical Research, 17: 206-209. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. LEE Y.K., BONE N.D., STREGE A.K., SHANAFELT T.D., JELINEK D.F., KAY N.E. (2004): VEGF receptor phosphorylation status and apoptosis is modulated by a green tea component, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood, 104: 788-794. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. LOCHER R., EMMANUELE L., SUTER P.M., VETTER W., BARTON M. (2002): Green tea polyphenols inhibit human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation stimulated by native low-density lipoprotein. European Journal of Pharmacology, 434: 1-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    31. LU H., MENG X., LI C., SANG S., PATTEN C., SHENG S., HONG J., BAI N., WINNIK B., HO C.T., YANG C.S. (2003): Glucuronides of tea catechins: enzymology of biosynthesis and biological activities. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 31: 452-461. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. MARON D.M., AMES B.N. (1983): Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutation Research, 113: 173-215. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. MASUDA M., SUZUI M., LIM J.T., WEINSTEIN I.B. (2003): Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits activation of HER2/neu and downstream signaling pathways in human head and neck and breast carcinoma cells. Clinical Cancer Research, 9: 3486-3491. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. MITTAL A., PATE M.S., WYLIE R.C., TOLLEFSBOL T.O., KATIYAR S.K. (2004): EGCG down-regulates telomerase in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells, leading to suppression of cell viability and induction of apoptosis. International Journal of Oncology, 24: 703-710. Go to original source...
    35. MUTO S., FUJITA K., YAMAZAKI Y., KAMATAKI T. (2001): Inhibition by green tea catechins of metabolic activation of procarcinogens by human cytochrome P450. Mutation Research, 497: 197-206. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. NAKACHI K., MATSUYAMA S., MIYAKE S., SUGANUMA M., IMAI K. (2000): Preventive effects of drinking green tea on cancer and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological evidence for multiple targeting prevention. Biofactors, 13: 49-54. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    37. NIHAL M., AHMAD N., MUKHTAR H., WOOD G.S. (2005): Anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on human melanoma: possible implications for the chemoprevention of melanoma. International Journal of Cancer, 114: 513-521. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    38. PARK O.J., SURH Y.J. (2004): Chemoprotective potential of epigallocatechin gallate and genistein: evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies. Toxicology Letters, 150: 43-56. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    39. REDDY R.V., SHARMA R.P. (1989): Effect of aflatoxin B1 on murine lymphocytic functions. Toxicology, 54: 31-44. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    40. ROY M., CHAKRABARTY S., SINHA D., BHATTACHARYA R.K., SIDDIQI M. (2003): Anticlastogenic, antigenotoxic and apoptotic activity of epigallocatechin gallate: a green tea polyphenol. Mutation Research, 523-524: 33-41. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    41. SAFFARI Y., SADRZADEH S.M. (2004): Green tea metabolite EGCG protects membranes against oxidative damage in vitro. Life Sciences, 74: 1513-1518. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    42. SAH J.F., BALASUBRAMANIAN S., ECKERT R.L, RORKE E.A. (2004): Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway. Evidence for direct inhibition of ERK1/2 and Akt kinases. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279: 12755-12762. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    43. SARCAR F.H., LI Y. (2004): Cell signaling pathways altered by natural chemopreventive agents. Review Mutation Research, 555: 53-64. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    44. SARTOR L., PEZZATO E., DONA M., DELL'AICA I., CALABRESE F., MORINI M., ALBINI A., GARBISA S. (2004): Prostate carcinoma and green tea: (-)epigallocatechin3-gallate inhibits inflammation-triggered MMP-2 activation and invasion in murine TRAMP model. International Journal of Cancer, 112: 823-829. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    45. SCHMID W. (1975): The Micronucleus test. Mutation Research, 31: 9-15. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    46. SINGH N.P., COY M.T., TICE R.R., SCHNEIDER E.L. (1988): A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Experimental Cell Research, 175: 184-191. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    47. SKRZYDLEWSKA E., OSTROWSKA J., FARBISZEWSKI R., MICHALAK K. (2002): Protective effect of green tea against lipid peroxidation in the rat liver, blood serum and brain. Phytomedicine, 9: 232-238. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    48. STITES D.P., TERR A. (1994): Základní a klinická imunologie. Victoria Publ. a.s., Praha.
    49. STRATIL P., KUBÁŇ V. (2004): Princip karcinogeneze a přírodní karcinogenní sloučeniny v potravinách. Chemické Listy, 98: 379-387.
    50. SUGISAWA A., KIMURA M., FENECH M., UMEGAKI K. (2004): Anti-genotoxic effects of tea catechins against reactive oxygen species in human lymphoblastoid cells. Mutation Research, 559: 97-103. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    51. ©ESTÁKOVÁ H., TUREK B., ©MERÁK P., SEDMÍKOVÁ M. (1997): Sledování chemiluminiscenční reakce u myąí po ovlivnění rostlinnými látkami a vitaminy. Potravinářské Vědy, 15: 437-450. Go to original source...
    52. ©MERÁK P., POLÍVKOVÁ Z., ©ESTÁKOVÁ H., ©TĚTINA R., BÁRTA I., LANGOVÁ M., TUREK B., BÁRTOVÁ J. (2006): Antimutagenic effect of curcumin and its effect on the immune response in mice. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 24: 72-83. Go to original source...
    53. TOMAR R.S., LIM S., GILL S.S. (1991): The effect of epoxidized xenobiotics on mitogen responsivenes and antibody producing ability of murine spleen cells in vitro. International Journal of Immunopharmacology, 13: 57-65. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    54. YAMAMOTO Y., MATSUNAGA K., FRIEDMAN H. (2004a): Protective effect of green tea catechins on alveolar macrophages against bacterial infections. Biofactors, 21: 119-121. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    55. YAMAMOTO T., LEWIS J., WATAHA J., DICKINSON D., SINGH B., BOLLAG W.B., UETA E., OSAKI T., ATHAR M., SCHUSTER G., HSU S. (2004b): Roles of catalase and hydrogen peroxide in green tea polyphenol-induced. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 308: 317-323. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    56. YOKOYAMA M., NOGUCHI M., NAKAO Y., PATER A., IWASAKA T. (2004): The tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate effects on growth, apoptosis, and telomerase activity in cervical cell lines. Gynecologic Oncology, 92: 197-204. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    57. WANG Y.C., BACHRACH U. (2002): The specific anti-cancer activity of green tea (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Amino Acids, 22: 131-143. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    58. WEISBURGER J.H., HARA Y., DOLAN L., LUO F.-Q., PITTMAN B., ZANG E. (1996): Tea polyphenols as inhibitors of mutagenicity of major classes of carcinogens. Mutation Research, 371: 57-63. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    59. ZHU M., GONG Y., YANG Z., GE G., HAN C., CHEN J. (1999): Green tea and its major components ameliorate immune dysfunction in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma and treated with the carcinogen NNK. Nutrition and Cancer, 35: 64-72. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content